Inheritance diagram for Data:

Public Member Functions
	__construct (\Magento\Framework\App\Helper\Context $context, \Magento\Store\Model\StoreManagerInterface $storeManager, \Magento\Catalog\Model\Session $catalogSession, \Magento\Framework\Stdlib\StringUtils $string, Category $catalogCategory, Product $catalogProduct, \Magento\Framework\Registry $coreRegistry, \Magento\Catalog\Model\Template\Filter\Factory $templateFilterFactory, $templateFilterModel, \Magento\Tax\Api\Data\TaxClassKeyInterfaceFactory $taxClassKeyFactory, \Magento\Tax\Model\Config $taxConfig, \Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsInterfaceFactory $quoteDetailsFactory, \Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsItemInterfaceFactory $quoteDetailsItemFactory, \Magento\Tax\Api\TaxCalculationInterface $taxCalculationService, CustomerSession $customerSession, PriceCurrencyInterface $priceCurrency, ProductRepositoryInterface $productRepository, CategoryRepositoryInterface $categoryRepository, \Magento\Customer\Api\GroupRepositoryInterface $customerGroupRepository, \Magento\Customer\Api\Data\AddressInterfaceFactory $addressFactory, \Magento\Customer\Api\Data\RegionInterfaceFactory $regionFactory)

	setStoreId ($store)

	getBreadcrumbPath ()

	getCategory ()

	getProduct ()

	getLastViewedUrl ()

	splitSku ($sku, $length=30)

	getAttributeHiddenFields ()

	getPriceScope ()

	isPriceGlobal ()

	isUsingStaticUrlsAllowed ()

	isUrlDirectivesParsingAllowed ()

	getPageTemplateProcessor ()

	shouldDisplayProductCountOnLayer ($storeId=null)

	getTaxPrice ( $product, $price, $includingTax=null, $shippingAddress=null, $billingAddress=null, $ctc=null, $store=null, $priceIncludesTax=null, $roundPrice=true)

Public Member Functions inherited from AbstractHelper
	__construct (Context $context)

	isModuleOutputEnabled ($moduleName=null)

Data Fields
const	PRICE_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 0

const	PRICE_SCOPE_WEBSITE = 1

const	XML_PATH_PRICE_SCOPE = 'catalog/price/scope'

const	CONFIG_USE_STATIC_URLS = 'cms/wysiwyg/use_static_urls_in_catalog'

const	CONFIG_PARSE_URL_DIRECTIVES = 'catalog/frontend/parse_url_directives'

const	XML_PATH_DISPLAY_PRODUCT_COUNT = 'catalog/layered_navigation/display_product_count'

const	CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_DIRECTION = 'catalog_sort_direction'

const	CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_ORDER = 'catalog_sort_order'

const	CONTEXT_CATALOG_DISPLAY_MODE = 'catalog_mode'

const	CONTEXT_CATALOG_LIMIT = 'catalog_limit'

Protected Member Functions
	_isCategoryLink ($categoryId)

Protected Member Functions inherited from AbstractHelper
	_getRequest ()

	_getModuleName ()

	_getUrl ($route, $params=[])

Detailed Description

Catalog data helper

@api

@SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.TooManyFields) @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.CouplingBetweenObjects)

Since: 100.0.2

Definition at line 25 of file Data.php.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ __construct()

__construct	(	\Magento\Framework\App\Helper\Context	$context,
		\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManagerInterface	$storeManager,
		\Magento\Catalog\Model\Session	$catalogSession,
		\Magento\Framework\Stdlib\StringUtils	$string,
		Category	$catalogCategory,
		Product	$catalogProduct,
		\Magento\Framework\Registry	$coreRegistry,
		\Magento\Catalog\Model\Template\Filter\Factory	$templateFilterFactory,
			$templateFilterModel,
		\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\TaxClassKeyInterfaceFactory	$taxClassKeyFactory,
		\Magento\Tax\Model\Config	$taxConfig,
		\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsInterfaceFactory	$quoteDetailsFactory,
		\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsItemInterfaceFactory	$quoteDetailsItemFactory,
		\Magento\Tax\Api\TaxCalculationInterface	$taxCalculationService,
		CustomerSession	$customerSession,
		PriceCurrencyInterface	$priceCurrency,
		ProductRepositoryInterface	$productRepository,
		CategoryRepositoryInterface	$categoryRepository,
		\Magento\Customer\Api\GroupRepositoryInterface	$customerGroupRepository,
		\Magento\Customer\Api\Data\AddressInterfaceFactory	$addressFactory,
		\Magento\Customer\Api\Data\RegionInterfaceFactory	$regionFactory
	)

Parameters

\Magento\Framework\App\Helper\Context	$context
\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManagerInterface	$storeManager
\Magento\Catalog\Model\Session	$catalogSession
\Magento\Framework\Stdlib\StringUtils	$string
Category	$catalogCategory
Product	$catalogProduct
\Magento\Framework\Registry	$coreRegistry
\Magento\Catalog\Model\Template\Filter\Factory	$templateFilterFactory
string	$templateFilterModel
\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\TaxClassKeyInterfaceFactory	$taxClassKeyFactory
Config	$taxConfig
\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsInterfaceFactory	$quoteDetailsFactory
\Magento\Tax\Api\Data\QuoteDetailsItemInterfaceFactory	$quoteDetailsItemFactory
\Magento\Tax\Api\TaxCalculationInterface	$taxCalculationService
CustomerSession	$customerSession
PriceCurrencyInterface	$priceCurrency
ProductRepositoryInterface	$productRepository
CategoryRepositoryInterface	$categoryRepository
\Magento\Customer\Api\GroupRepositoryInterface	$customerGroupRepository
\Magento\Customer\Api\Data\AddressInterfaceFactory	$addressFactory
\Magento\Customer\Api\Data\RegionInterfaceFactory	$regionFactory	@SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.ExcessiveParameterList)

Definition at line 216 of file Data.php.

       {
         $this->_storeManager = $storeManager;
         $this->_catalogSession = $catalogSession;
         $this->_templateFilterFactory = $templateFilterFactory;
         $this->string = $string;
         $this->_catalogCategory = $catalogCategory;
         $this->_catalogProduct = $catalogProduct;
         $this->_coreRegistry = $coreRegistry;
         $this->_templateFilterModel = $templateFilterModel;
         $this->_taxClassKeyFactory = $taxClassKeyFactory;
         $this->_taxConfig = $taxConfig;
         $this->_quoteDetailsFactory = $quoteDetailsFactory;
         $this->_quoteDetailsItemFactory = $quoteDetailsItemFactory;
         $this->_taxCalculationService = $taxCalculationService;
         $this->_customerSession = $customerSession;
         $this->priceCurrency = $priceCurrency;
         $this->productRepository = $productRepository;
         $this->categoryRepository = $categoryRepository;
         $this->customerGroupRepository = $customerGroupRepository;
         $this->addressFactory = $addressFactory;
         $this->regionFactory = $regionFactory;
         parent::__construct($context);
     }

Member Function Documentation

◆ _isCategoryLink()

_isCategoryLink ( $categoryId )

protected

Check is category link

Parameters

int $categoryId

Returns: bool

Definition at line 317 of file Data.php.

     {
         if ($this->getProduct()) {
             return true;
         }
         if ($categoryId != $this->getCategory()->getId()) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
     }

◆ getAttributeHiddenFields()

getAttributeHiddenFields ( )

Retrieve attribute hidden fields

Returns: array

Definition at line 401 of file Data.php.

     {
         if ($this->_coreRegistry->registry('attribute_type_hidden_fields')) {
             return $this->_coreRegistry->registry('attribute_type_hidden_fields');
         } else {
             return [];
         }
     }

◆ getBreadcrumbPath()

getBreadcrumbPath ( )

Return current category path or get it from current category and creating array of categories|product paths for breadcrumbs

Returns: array

Definition at line 280 of file Data.php.

     {
         if (!$this->_categoryPath) {
             $path = [];
             $category = $this->getCategory();
             if ($category) {
                 $pathInStore = $category->getPathInStore();
                 $pathIds = array_reverse(explode(',', $pathInStore));
 
                 $categories = $category->getParentCategories();
 
                 // add category path breadcrumb
                 foreach ($pathIds as $categoryId) {
                     if (isset($categories[$categoryId]) && $categories[$categoryId]->getName()) {
                         $path['category' . $categoryId] = [
                             'label' => $categories[$categoryId]->getName(),
                             'link' => $this->_isCategoryLink($categoryId) ? $categories[$categoryId]->getUrl() : ''
                         ];
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             if ($this->getProduct()) {
                 $path['product'] = ['label' => $this->getProduct()->getName()];
             }
 
             $this->_categoryPath = $path;
         }
         return $this->_categoryPath;
     }

◆ getCategory()

getCategory ( )

Return current category object

Returns: \Magento\Catalog\Model\Category|null

Definition at line 333 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->_coreRegistry->registry('current_category');
     }

◆ getLastViewedUrl()

getLastViewedUrl ( )

Retrieve Visitor/Customer Last Viewed URL

Returns: string

Definition at line 353 of file Data.php.

     {
         $productId = $this->_catalogSession->getLastViewedProductId();
         if ($productId) {
             try {
                 $product = $this->productRepository->getById($productId);
             } catch (NoSuchEntityException $e) {
                 return '';
             }
             /* @var $product \Magento\Catalog\Model\Product */
             if ($this->_catalogProduct->canShow($product, 'catalog')) {
                 return $product->getProductUrl();
             }
         }
         $categoryId = $this->_catalogSession->getLastViewedCategoryId();
         if ($categoryId) {
             try {
                 $category = $this->categoryRepository->get($categoryId);
             } catch (NoSuchEntityException $e) {
                 return '';
             }
             /* @var $category \Magento\Catalog\Model\Category */
             if (!$this->_catalogCategory->canShow($category)) {
                 return '';
             }
             return $category->getCategoryUrl();
         }
         return '';
     }

◆ getPageTemplateProcessor()

getPageTemplateProcessor ( )

Retrieve template processor for catalog content

Returns: \Magento\Framework\Filter\Template

Exceptions

Definition at line 468 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->_templateFilterFactory->create($this->_templateFilterModel);
     }

◆ getPriceScope()

getPriceScope ( )

Retrieve Catalog Price Scope

Returns: int

Definition at line 415 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->scopeConfig->getValue(
             self::XML_PATH_PRICE_SCOPE,
             \Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface::SCOPE_STORE
         );
     }

◆ getProduct()

getProduct ( )

Retrieve current Product object

Returns: \Magento\Catalog\Model\Product|null

Definition at line 343 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->_coreRegistry->registry('current_product');
     }

◆ getTaxPrice()

getTaxPrice	(	$product,
		$price,
		$includingTax = `null`,
		$shippingAddress = `null`,
		$billingAddress = `null`,
		$ctc = `null`,
		$store = `null`,
		$priceIncludesTax = `null`,
		$roundPrice = `true`
	)

Get product price with all tax settings processing

Parameters

\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product	$product
float	$price	inputted product price
bool	$includingTax	return price include tax flag
null \| \Magento\Customer\Model\Address\AbstractAddress	$shippingAddress
null \| \Magento\Customer\Model\Address\AbstractAddress	$billingAddress
null \| int	$ctc	customer tax class
null \| string \| bool \| int \| \Magento\Store\Model\Store	$store
bool	$priceIncludesTax	flag what price parameter contain tax
bool	$roundPrice

Returns: float @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.CyclomaticComplexity) @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.NPathComplexity) @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.ExcessiveMethodLength)

Definition at line 524 of file Data.php.

       {
         if (!$price) {
             return $price;
         }
 
         $store = $this->_storeManager->getStore($store);
         if ($this->_taxConfig->needPriceConversion($store)) {
             if ($priceIncludesTax === null) {
                 $priceIncludesTax = $this->_taxConfig->priceIncludesTax($store);
             }
 
             $shippingAddressDataObject = null;
             if ($shippingAddress === null) {
                 $shippingAddressDataObject =
                     $this->convertDefaultTaxAddress($this->_customerSession->getDefaultTaxShippingAddress());
             } elseif ($shippingAddress instanceof \Magento\Customer\Model\Address\AbstractAddress) {
                 $shippingAddressDataObject = $shippingAddress->getDataModel();
             }
 
             $billingAddressDataObject = null;
             if ($billingAddress === null) {
                 $billingAddressDataObject =
                     $this->convertDefaultTaxAddress($this->_customerSession->getDefaultTaxBillingAddress());
             } elseif ($billingAddress instanceof \Magento\Customer\Model\Address\AbstractAddress) {
                 $billingAddressDataObject = $billingAddress->getDataModel();
             }
 
             $taxClassKey = $this->_taxClassKeyFactory->create();
             $taxClassKey->setType(TaxClassKeyInterface::TYPE_ID)
                 ->setValue($product->getTaxClassId());
 
             if ($ctc === null && $this->_customerSession->getCustomerGroupId() != null) {
                 $ctc = $this->customerGroupRepository->getById($this->_customerSession->getCustomerGroupId())
                     ->getTaxClassId();
             }
 
             $customerTaxClassKey = $this->_taxClassKeyFactory->create();
             $customerTaxClassKey->setType(TaxClassKeyInterface::TYPE_ID)
                 ->setValue($ctc);
 
             $item = $this->_quoteDetailsItemFactory->create();
             $item->setQuantity(1)
                 ->setCode($product->getSku())
                 ->setShortDescription($product->getShortDescription())
                 ->setTaxClassKey($taxClassKey)
                 ->setIsTaxIncluded($priceIncludesTax)
                 ->setType('product')
                 ->setUnitPrice($price);
 
             $quoteDetails = $this->_quoteDetailsFactory->create();
             $quoteDetails->setShippingAddress($shippingAddressDataObject)
                 ->setBillingAddress($billingAddressDataObject)
                 ->setCustomerTaxClassKey($customerTaxClassKey)
                 ->setItems([$item])
                 ->setCustomerId($this->_customerSession->getCustomerId());
 
             $storeId = null;
             if ($store) {
                 $storeId = $store->getId();
             }
             $taxDetails = $this->_taxCalculationService->calculateTax($quoteDetails, $storeId, $roundPrice);
             $items = $taxDetails->getItems();
             $taxDetailsItem = array_shift($items);
 
             if ($includingTax !== null) {
                 if ($includingTax) {
                     $price = $taxDetailsItem->getPriceInclTax();
                 } else {
                     $price = $taxDetailsItem->getPrice();
                 }
             } else {
                 switch ($this->_taxConfig->getPriceDisplayType($store)) {
                     case Config::DISPLAY_TYPE_EXCLUDING_TAX:
                     case Config::DISPLAY_TYPE_BOTH:
                         $price = $taxDetailsItem->getPrice();
                         break;
                     case Config::DISPLAY_TYPE_INCLUDING_TAX:
                         $price = $taxDetailsItem->getPriceInclTax();
                         break;
                     default:
                         break;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         if ($roundPrice) {
             return $this->priceCurrency->round($price);
         } else {
             return $price;
         }
     }

◆ isPriceGlobal()

isPriceGlobal ( )

Is Global Price

Returns: bool

Definition at line 428 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->getPriceScope() == self::PRICE_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
     }

◆ isUrlDirectivesParsingAllowed()

isUrlDirectivesParsingAllowed ( )

Check if the parsing of URL directives is allowed for the catalog

Returns: bool

Deprecated:

See also: \Magento\Catalog\Helper\Output::isDirectivesExists

Definition at line 453 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->scopeConfig->isSetFlag(
             self::CONFIG_PARSE_URL_DIRECTIVES,
             \Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface::SCOPE_STORE,
             $this->_storeId
         );
     }

◆ isUsingStaticUrlsAllowed()

isUsingStaticUrlsAllowed ( )

Check if the store is configured to use static URLs for media

Returns: bool

Definition at line 438 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->scopeConfig->isSetFlag(
             self::CONFIG_USE_STATIC_URLS,
             \Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface::SCOPE_STORE
         );
     }

◆ setStoreId()

setStoreId ( $store )

Set a specified store ID value

Parameters

int $store

Returns: $this

Definition at line 268 of file Data.php.

     {
         $this->_storeId = $store;
         return $this;
     }

◆ shouldDisplayProductCountOnLayer()

shouldDisplayProductCountOnLayer ( $storeId = null )

Whether to display items count for each filter option

Parameters

int $storeId Store view ID

Returns: bool

Definition at line 478 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->scopeConfig->isSetFlag(
             self::XML_PATH_DISPLAY_PRODUCT_COUNT,
             \Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface::SCOPE_STORE,
             $storeId
         );
     }

◆ splitSku()

splitSku	(	$sku,
		$length = `30`
	)

Split SKU of an item by dashes and spaces Words will not be broken, unless this length is greater than $length

Parameters

string	$sku
int	$length

Returns: string[]

Definition at line 391 of file Data.php.

     {
         return $this->string->split($sku, $length, true, false, '[\-\s]');
     }

Field Documentation

◆ $_catalogCategory

$_catalogCategory

protected

Definition at line 87 of file Data.php.

◆ $_catalogProduct

$_catalogProduct

protected

Definition at line 80 of file Data.php.

◆ $_catalogSession

$_catalogSession

protected

Definition at line 104 of file Data.php.

◆ $_categoryPath

$_categoryPath

protected

Definition at line 59 of file Data.php.

◆ $_coreRegistry

$_coreRegistry

protected

Definition at line 73 of file Data.php.

◆ $_customerSession

$_customerSession

protected

Definition at line 151 of file Data.php.

◆ $_quoteDetailsFactory

$_quoteDetailsFactory

protected

Definition at line 139 of file Data.php.

◆ $_quoteDetailsItemFactory

$_quoteDetailsItemFactory

protected

Definition at line 146 of file Data.php.

◆ $_storeId

$_storeId

protected

Definition at line 66 of file Data.php.

◆ $_storeManager

$_storeManager

protected

Definition at line 111 of file Data.php.

◆ $_taxCalculationService

$_taxCalculationService

protected

Definition at line 158 of file Data.php.

◆ $_taxClassKeyFactory

$_taxClassKeyFactory

protected

Definition at line 125 of file Data.php.

◆ $_taxConfig

$_taxConfig

protected

Definition at line 132 of file Data.php.

◆ $_templateFilterFactory

$_templateFilterFactory

protected

Definition at line 118 of file Data.php.

◆ $_templateFilterModel

$_templateFilterModel

protected

Definition at line 97 of file Data.php.

◆ $addressFactory

$addressFactory

protected

Definition at line 185 of file Data.php.

◆ $categoryRepository

$categoryRepository

protected

Definition at line 175 of file Data.php.

◆ $customerGroupRepository

$customerGroupRepository

protected

Definition at line 180 of file Data.php.

◆ $priceCurrency

$priceCurrency

protected

Definition at line 165 of file Data.php.

◆ $productRepository

$productRepository

protected

Definition at line 170 of file Data.php.

◆ $regionFactory

$regionFactory

protected

Definition at line 190 of file Data.php.

◆ $string

$string

protected

Definition at line 92 of file Data.php.

◆ CONFIG_PARSE_URL_DIRECTIVES

const CONFIG_PARSE_URL_DIRECTIVES = 'catalog/frontend/parse_url_directives'

Deprecated:

See also: \Magento\Catalog\Helper\Output::isDirectivesExists

Definition at line 39 of file Data.php.

◆ CONFIG_USE_STATIC_URLS

const CONFIG_USE_STATIC_URLS = 'cms/wysiwyg/use_static_urls_in_catalog'

Definition at line 33 of file Data.php.

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_DISPLAY_MODE

const CONTEXT_CATALOG_DISPLAY_MODE = 'catalog_mode'

Definition at line 50 of file Data.php.

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_LIMIT

const CONTEXT_CATALOG_LIMIT = 'catalog_limit'

Definition at line 52 of file Data.php.

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_DIRECTION

const CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_DIRECTION = 'catalog_sort_direction'

Cache context

Definition at line 46 of file Data.php.

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_ORDER

const CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_ORDER = 'catalog_sort_order'

Definition at line 48 of file Data.php.

◆ PRICE_SCOPE_GLOBAL

const PRICE_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 0

Definition at line 27 of file Data.php.

◆ PRICE_SCOPE_WEBSITE

const PRICE_SCOPE_WEBSITE = 1

Definition at line 29 of file Data.php.

◆ XML_PATH_DISPLAY_PRODUCT_COUNT

const XML_PATH_DISPLAY_PRODUCT_COUNT = 'catalog/layered_navigation/display_product_count'

Definition at line 41 of file Data.php.

◆ XML_PATH_PRICE_SCOPE

const XML_PATH_PRICE_SCOPE = 'catalog/price/scope'

Definition at line 31 of file Data.php.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

vendor/magento/module-catalog/Helper/Data.php

Protected Attributes
	$_categoryPath

	$_storeId

	$_coreRegistry

	$_catalogProduct

	$_catalogCategory

	$string

	$_templateFilterModel

	$_catalogSession

	$_storeManager

	$_templateFilterFactory

	$_taxClassKeyFactory

	$_taxConfig

	$_quoteDetailsFactory

	$_quoteDetailsItemFactory

	$_customerSession

	$_taxCalculationService

	$priceCurrency

	$productRepository

	$categoryRepository

	$customerGroupRepository

	$addressFactory

	$regionFactory

Protected Attributes inherited from AbstractHelper
	$_moduleName

	$_request

	$_moduleManager

	$_logger

	$_urlBuilder

	$_httpHeader

	$_eventManager

	$_remoteAddress

	$urlEncoder

	$urlDecoder

	$scopeConfig

	$_cacheConfig

Public Member Functions

Data Fields

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ __construct()

Member Function Documentation

◆ _isCategoryLink()

◆ getAttributeHiddenFields()

◆ getBreadcrumbPath()

◆ getCategory()

◆ getLastViewedUrl()

◆ getPageTemplateProcessor()

◆ getPriceScope()

◆ getProduct()

◆ getTaxPrice()

◆ isPriceGlobal()

◆ isUrlDirectivesParsingAllowed()

◆ isUsingStaticUrlsAllowed()

◆ setStoreId()

◆ shouldDisplayProductCountOnLayer()

◆ splitSku()

Field Documentation

◆ $_catalogCategory

◆ $_catalogProduct

◆ $_catalogSession

◆ $_categoryPath

◆ $_coreRegistry

◆ $_customerSession

◆ $_quoteDetailsFactory

◆ $_quoteDetailsItemFactory

◆ $_storeId

◆ $_storeManager

◆ $_taxCalculationService

◆ $_taxClassKeyFactory

◆ $_taxConfig

◆ $_templateFilterFactory

◆ $_templateFilterModel

◆ $addressFactory

◆ $categoryRepository

◆ $customerGroupRepository

◆ $priceCurrency

◆ $productRepository

◆ $regionFactory

◆ $string

◆ CONFIG_PARSE_URL_DIRECTIVES

◆ CONFIG_USE_STATIC_URLS

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_DISPLAY_MODE

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_LIMIT

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_DIRECTION

◆ CONTEXT_CATALOG_SORT_ORDER

◆ PRICE_SCOPE_GLOBAL

◆ PRICE_SCOPE_WEBSITE

◆ XML_PATH_DISPLAY_PRODUCT_COUNT

◆ XML_PATH_PRICE_SCOPE