product_configurable_custom.php

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<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

require __DIR__ . '/configurable_attribute_with_source_model.php';

$objectManager = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager();

$installer = $objectManager->create(\Magento\Catalog\Setup\CategorySetup::class);

$eavConfig = $objectManager->get(\Magento\Eav\Model\Config::class);
$attribute = $eavConfig->getAttribute(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::ENTITY, 'test_configurable_with_sm');
$options = $attribute->getOptions();

$productRepository = $objectManager->create(\Magento\Catalog\Api\ProductRepositoryInterface::class);
$attributeValues = [];
$associatedProductIds = [];
$attributeSetId = $installer->getAttributeSetId(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::ENTITY, 'Default');

foreach ($options as $key => $option) {
    $productId = $key + 10;

    $product = $objectManager->create(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::class);
    $product->setTypeId(Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Type::TYPE_SIMPLE)
        ->setId($productId)
        ->setAttributeSetId($attributeSetId)
        ->setWebsiteIds([1])
        ->setName('Configurable Option ' . $option->getLabel())
        ->setSku('simple_' . $productId)
        ->setPrice($productId)
        ->setTestConfigurableWithSm($option->getValue())
        ->setVisibility(Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Visibility::VISIBILITY_NOT_VISIBLE)
        ->setStatus(Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Attribute\Source\Status::STATUS_ENABLED)
        ->setStockData(['use_config_manage_stock' => 1, 'qty' => 100, 'is_qty_decimal' => 0, 'is_in_stock' => 1]);
    $product = $productRepository->save($product);

    $stockItem = $objectManager->create(\Magento\CatalogInventory\Model\Stock\Item::class);
    $stockItem->load($productId, 'product_id');
    if (!$stockItem->getProductId()) {
        $stockItem->setProductId($productId);
    }
    $stockItem->setUseConfigManageStock(1);
    $stockItem->setQty(1000);
    $stockItem->setIsQtyDecimal(0);
    $stockItem->setIsInStock(1);
    $stockItem->save();

    $attributeValues[] = [
        'label' => 'test',
        'attribute_id' => $attribute->getId(),
        'value_index' => $option->getValue(),
    ];
    $associatedProductIds[] = $product->getId();
}

$optionsFactory = $objectManager->create(\Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Helper\Product\Options\Factory::class);
$configurableAttributesData = [
    [
        'attribute_id' => $attribute->getId(),
        'code' => $attribute->getAttributeCode(),
        'label' => $attribute->getStoreLabel(),
        'position' => '0',
        'values' => $attributeValues,
    ],
];
$configurableOptions = $optionsFactory->create($configurableAttributesData);

$product = $objectManager->create(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::class);
$extensionConfigurableAttributes = $product->getExtensionAttributes();
$extensionConfigurableAttributes->setConfigurableProductOptions($configurableOptions);
$extensionConfigurableAttributes->setConfigurableProductLinks($associatedProductIds);
$product->setExtensionAttributes($extensionConfigurableAttributes);

$product->setTypeId(\Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\Product\Type\Configurable::TYPE_CODE)
    ->setId(1)
    ->setAttributeSetId($attributeSetId)
    ->setWebsiteIds([1])
    ->setName('Configurable Product')
    ->setSku('configurable')
    ->setVisibility(Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Visibility::VISIBILITY_BOTH)
    ->setStatus(Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Attribute\Source\Status::STATUS_ENABLED)
    ->setStockData(['use_config_manage_stock' => 1, 'is_in_stock' => 1]);
$productRepository->save($product);

$categoryLinkManagement = $objectManager->create(\Magento\Catalog\Api\CategoryLinkManagementInterface::class);
$categoryLinkManagement->assignProductToCategories(
    $product->getSku(),
    [2]
);